ReefRUV

ReefRUV Global Network

ReefRUV

The ReefRUV Global Network uses a relatively simple (and cheap) protocol designed to standardize the sampling procedures of remote underwater videos (RUVs or videoplots) during field data collection and lab analyses. This sampling technique can be applied in various habitats, including coral reefs, rocky reefs, tide pools, freshwater clearwaters, and sandy substrates, as well as in very shallow environments (up to 1 m in depth). From the replicated videos, standardized by time and area, it is possible to extract data on species richness, abundance, biomass, feeding rates, animal consumption, and other behaviors of fish (e.g., cleaning, agonistic interactions, etc.) and other marine organisms.

Our network is equipped to tackle macrobehavioral variations across space, time, and taxa. We can study gradients of depth and reef complexity, ranging from local microhabitat scales to latitudinal and temporal global scales. Additionally, we investigate co-occurrence patterns using phylogenetic and functional approaches. Many sites were sampled 10–12 years ago, and new sampling efforts may reveal differences that can be modeled for future scenarios.

World map of sites

ReefRUV Global Network of standardized video surveys. Filled circles indicate active sites; white circles indicate sites with completed analyses; light yellow circles indicate sites with ongoing analyses. Background shading represents fish species richness (red to blue). Metadata will soon be available.

Video

Methodology

Sampling

The unified method is easily replicable and non-invasive. The videos are standardized by time (15 min) and area (2 m²). For area delimitation, the diver measures 2 m in length and 1 m in width. A 1 m tape placed perpendicular to the substrate is used to provide a height scale.

The diver must ensure that the selected sampling location is free of any structures that could obstruct filming and compromise subsequent video analysis (see Figure).

Area delimitation process: (A) unobstructed sampling site; (B) area delimitation; (C) lateral boundary definition.

Once the 15 min recording is complete, the diver takes 5 photoquadrats of the benthos, using a 10 cm scale. After this, the camera can be removed, and the diver can proceed to the next location. To avoid overlap, the sampling areas must be at least 3 m apart.

In the lab, the researcher records fish species, fish length, and behavior, such as the number of bites.

Standardized Field Sampling Protocol [PDF] — Portuguese [PDF]

Standardized Protocol for RUV Data Extraction [PDF] — Portuguese [PDF]

Publications

Ferrari, D.S., Nunes, L.T., Mendes, T.C., Ferreira, C.E.L. & Floeter, S.R. (2024). Hyperdominance and habitat composition drive reef fish foraging at Atlantic oceanic islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series. DOI: 10.3354/meps14483.

Fernández-Cisternas, I., Majlis, J., Ávila-Thieme, M.I. et al. (2021). Endemic species dominate reef fish interaction networks on two isolated oceanic islands. Coral Reefs 40, 1081–1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02106-w

Garcia, G.S., Dias, M.S., & Longo, G.O. (2021). Trade-off between number and length of remote videos for rapid assessments of reef fish assemblages. Journal of Fish Biology, 99: 896–904. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14776

Fontoura, L., Cantor, M., Longo, G.O., Bender, M.G., Bonaldo, R.M. & Floeter, S.R. (2020). The macroecology of reef fish agonistic behaviour. Ecography, 43: 1278–1290, doi: 10.1111/ecog.05079

Canterle, A.M., Nunes, L.T., Fontoura, L., Maia, H.A. & Floeter, S.R. (2020). Reef microhabitats mediate fish feeding intensity and agonistic interactions at Príncipe Island Biosphere Reserve, Tropical Eastern Atlantic. Marine Ecology, doi: 10.1111/MAEC.12609

Nunes, L.T., Morais, R.A., Longo, G.O., Sabino, J. & Floeter, S.R. (2020). Habitat and community structure modulate fish interactions in a neotropical clearwater river. Neotropical Ichthyology, 18(1):e190127. doi: 10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0127

Longo, G.O., Hay, M.E., Ferreira, C.E.L. & Floeter, S.R. (2019). Trophic interactions across 61 degrees of latitude in the Western Atlantic. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28: 107–117. doi: 10.1111/geb.12806

Cantor, M., Longo, G.O., Fontoura, L., Quimbayo, J.P., Floeter, S.R. & Bender, M.G. (2018). Interaction networks in tropical reefs.p. 141 –154. In: Dattilo, W. & Rico-Gray, V. (eds.) Ecological Networks.

Longo, G.O., Morais, R.A., … & Floeter, S.R. (2015). Between-habitat variation of benthic cover, reef fish assemblage and feeding pressure at the only atoll in South Atlantic: Rocas Atoll, NE Brazil. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0127176. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127176

Longo, G.O., Ferreira, C.E.L. & Floeter, S. R. (2014). Herbivory drives large-scale spatial variation in reef fish trophic interactions. Ecology and Evolution, 4(23): 4553–4566.

Longo, G.O. & Floeter, S.R. (2012). Comparison of remote video and diver’s direct observations to quantify reef fishes feeding on benthos in coral and rocky reefs. Journal of Fish Biology, 81: 1773–1780.

Expeditions

Santa Catarina

Expedition to the Islands of Santa Catarina, South Brazil [Jan-Mar 2026]. ReefRUV team sampling the islands 15 years after the first fieldwork for recording the remote underwater videos in the area.

Indonesia

Expedition to Indonesia [Jul 2026]. ReefRUV team will sample in the heart of the Coral Triangle, the species richest area anywhere in the world.

Team

Carlos Ferreira

Professor – UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Alexandre Siqueira

Researcher – ECU, Perth, Western Australia

Osmar Luiz

Senior Marine Research Scientist – DBCA, Perth, Western Australia

Mariana Bender

Professor – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Guilherme Longo

Professor – UMass, Boston, USA

Juan Quimbayo

Professor – University of Miami, USA

Lucas Nunes

Post doc – IEAPM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Nestor Bosch

Post doc – Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Luisa Fontoura

Research Scientist – AIMS, Perth, Western Australia

Talita Beneli

PhD Candidate in Ecology – UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Rafaella Nunes-Palma

PhD Candidate in Biodiversity – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Caroline Leão

MSc Candidate in Ecology – UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Mariana Goldschmidt

Biology – UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Fernando Bernardoni

Oceanography – UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Carolina Tavares

Biology – UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Partners


Global ReefRUV Network
Feeding macroecology of reef fishes across different spatiotemporal scales,
considering climate change scenarios and anthropogenic pressures

Rede Global ReefRUV – CNPq #409997/2025-0

Contact

sergiofloeter[@]gmail.com
Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab
– LBMM

UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

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